(2019) A Mechanistic and Pathophysiological Approach for Stroke Associated with Drugs of Abuse. Journal of Clinical Medicine. p. 36.
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Abstract
Drugs of abuse are associated with stroke, especially in young individuals. The major classes of drugs linked to stroke are cocaine, amphetamines, heroin, morphine, cannabis, and new synthetic cannabinoids, along with androgenic anabolic steroids (AASs). Both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke have been reported due to drug abuse. Several common mechanisms have been identified, such as arrhythmias and cardioembolism, hypoxia, vascular toxicity, vascular spasm and effects on the thrombotic mechanism, as causes for ischemic stroke. For hemorrhagic stroke, acute hypertension, aneurysm formation/rupture and angiitis-like changes have been implicated. In AAS abuse, the effect of blood pressure is rather substance specific, whereas increased erythropoiesis usually leads to thromboembolism. Transient vasospasm, caused by synthetic cannabinoids, could lead to ischemic stroke. Opiates often cause infective endocarditis, resulting in ischemic stroke and hypereosinophilia accompanied by pyogenic arthritis, provoking hemorrhagic stroke. Genetic variants are linked to increased risk for stroke in cocaine abuse. The fact that case reports on cannabis-induced stroke usually refer to the young population is very alarming.
Item Type: | Article |
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Keywords: | stroke amphetamines cocaine cannabis morphine heroin synthetic cannabinoids anabolic androgenic steroids anabolic-androgenic steroids acute ischemic-stroke spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage hepatitis-c virus cocaine use young patient nutritional supplements synthetic cannabinoids myocardial-infarction nandrolone decanoate General & Internal Medicine |
Divisions: | |
Page Range: | p. 36 |
Journal or Publication Title: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
Volume: | 8 |
Number: | 9 |
Identification Number: | 10.3390/jcm8091295 |
Depositing User: | مهندس مهدی شریفی |
URI: | http://eprints.zbmu.ac.ir/id/eprint/3612 |
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