Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the oldest known diseases in humans; this disease is known to have high mortality rates, so that this rate might rise up to 50 in case of non-treatment. Mycobacterium has more than 100 species, some of which are pathogenic in humans and some others in animals. Methods: In this review article, the databases Medline, Cochrane, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched to identify the studies Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. In this review, the papers published until early January 2017 that were conducted to study the Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis were selected. Presenting the patient: The patient was a 15-year-old boy who was referred to the Infectious Diseases Department of Amir al-Moamenin Hospital in 2016 due to abdominal distension, abdominal pain and fever. Based on what the patient said, the onset of the disease can be traced back to two weeks before his visiting the hospital, when he was afflicted with weight loss and anorexia along with a fever. Conclusion: Considering increasing annual incidence of tuberculosis in the Middle East, especially in developing countries, and high risk of Iran’s neighboring countries, including Pakistan and Afghanistan, regrading health issues, and the economic and psychological damage caused by the disease, identifying the factors that contribute to the incidence of TB can help manage and control this disease better and, ultimately, reduce the economic and psychological damage caused by the disease. © 2017, Pharmainfo Publications. All rights reserved.